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中考英語定語從句

時間:2022-12-09 17:22:25 中考英語 我要投稿

中考英語定語從句

  定語從句部分中考試題的分析可知,今后該部分仍將是重點考查點之一,分享了英語定語從句的用法及例題

中考英語定語從句

  英語定語用法

  一、定語從句的概念

  在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

  二、定語從句的關系詞

  引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包括where,when,why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

  三、定語從句的分類

  根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

  四、關系代詞的用法

  1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

  Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

  The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

  2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

  The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的'那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

  The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

  3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

  The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

  Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

  注意:

  (1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who,that,which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:

  This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

  Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

  (2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

  This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。

  (3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:

  The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

  (4)關系詞只能用that的情況:

  a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。

  b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

  c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

  d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

  e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

  f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

  (5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

  a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  What‘s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

  b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

  This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。

  c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

  五、關系副詞的用法

  (1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:

  This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

  (2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:

  This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

  (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:

  Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

  中考英語定語從句例題

  【2014黃岡】—In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.

  —And another example is F2F ______ stands for face to face.

  A. that B. who C. whom D. it

  【答案】A

  【2014臨沂】After Mandela was free (自由的`) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people

  ________ wanted to kill him.

  A. whose B. which C. / D. who

  【答案】D

  【2014河南】 “Underground” is the only word in the English language _______ begins and ends

  with the letters “und”.

  A. what B. that C. who D. who m

  【答案】B

  【解析】 考查定語從句引導詞的詞義辨析 。本題句意為:“Underground”是英語這種語言中唯一一個以“und”開頭和結尾的單詞。分析句子結構可知,“_______ begins and ends with the letters “und””在此是定語從句,其先行詞是前面的 the only word而不 是in the English language,先行詞中有修飾詞only時,定語從句應用引導詞that。故選B項。

  【2014鄂州】—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?

  —I’m not sure. Is it in the hall _____ can hold 300 people?

  A. where B. what C. that D. when

  【答案】C

  【2014湖北咸寧】—Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China (《 舌尖上的中

  國》)?

  —Yeah! It’s the most funny one _______ I have ever seen.

  A. that B. what C. which D. where

  【答案】A

  【2014達州】—What kind of movies do you like?

  —I like movies _______ scary monsters.

  A. which has B. that have C. what has D. why have

  【答案】B

  【2014長沙】The shop _____ sells flowers is a t the end of the street.

  A. who B. where C. which

  【答案】C

  【2014杭州】I will never forget the day____ we spent in the old town with small houses.

  A. who B. whom C. that D. what

  【答案】C

  【2014宜賓】Do you know the man____ ___ saved five people in the fire?

  A. who B. it C. when D. whom

  【答案】A

  【2014呼和浩特】People ______ overweight need more water than thin people.

  A. who is B. which are C. that is D. who are

  【答案】D

  【2014棗莊】He is unlikely to find the school ______ he taught 50 years ago.

  A. where B. when C. how D. why

  【答案】A

  【2014東營】When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York, the people lived nearby called the police.

  A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

  【答案】A

  【2014廣州】Do you know the man ______ is talking to Miss Wu?

  A. heB. whomC. whoD. which

  【答案】C

  【2014甘肅白銀】Could you tell me the result of the discussion ______ you had made in the meeting just now?

  A. that B. when C. how D. who

  【答案】A

  【2014紹興】I really like the photo of my family _____ my sister took in the city park last year.

  A. which B. who C. what D. whom

  【答案】A

  【2014濰坊】Tommy couldn’t stop thinking about the boy ______ made him a fool in the whole

  of class.

  A. whom B. which C. what D. who

  【答案】D

  【2014紹興】—I’m sorry I have broken the chair.

  —_______. I can easily get it repaired.

  A. That’s true B. You’re welcome C. Never mind D. sounds fun

  【答案】C

  【2014泰安】—Which is your new neighbour, Liu Hua?

  —The man _______ T-shirt is red.

  A. that B. who C. which D. whose

  【答案】D

  【2014濱州】—Do you know the girl _______ is talking with our teacher?

  —Oh, she’s my sister.

  A. who B. whose C. whom D. where

  【答案】A

  【2014德州】—What are you looking for?

  —I’m looking for the CD and EX () _______ I bought yesterday.

  A. t hat B. who C. whose D. when

  【答案】A

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