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2024考研英語閱讀理解真題題材解析
親愛的考研學子們，在考研英語的征程中，閱讀理解無疑是一座關鍵的堡壘。當你奮力前行、為夢想拼搏之際，我們為你帶來了 “2024 考研英語閱讀理解真題題材解析”。這份解析如同一位智慧的引路人，將帶你深入剖析考研英語閱讀理解的真題題材。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21. The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of
A. saving them for future use.
B. keeping them from rusting.
C. letting them grow in value.
D. hiding them from the locals.
【21】D. hiding them from the locals 解析： 該題為細節題，問羅馬人埋藏這些釘子是為了什么?題干可定位Why had the Romans buried a million nails? 答案是在它的下一句they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron他們不想讓當地的喀里多尼亞人得到十噸武器級的鐵，所以它的答案是不讓當地人獲得它們。
22. The example of early 17th century Virginians is used to
A. highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.
B. illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.
C. contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.
D. show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.
【22】D. show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.解析： 該題為例證題，問17世紀早期弗吉尼亞人的例子用來干什么?答案需尋找它的論點，定位于Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith’s labour in a nail even more than the raw material.后來的文明更加重視熟練的鐵匠在釘子上的勞動，而不是原材料,所以它的答案同義替換句show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time當時制造釘子的技術珍貴。
23. What played the major role in lowing the price of nails after the late 1700s?
A. Increased productivity.
B. Wider use of new energies.
C. Fiercer market competition.
D. Reduced cost of raw materials.
【23】A. Increased productivity. 解析： 該題為細節題，問18世紀末之后，什么在降低釘子價格方面發揮了主要作用? 題干可定位于The price of nails fell by 90%，答案在其下一句，盡管釘子價格下跌的部分原因是由于更便宜的鐵和更便宜的能源，但大部分功勞都歸功于釘子制造商，他們只是找到了更有效的方法將鋼鐵變成釘子，所以是提高的效率為正確答案。
24. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails
A. have undergone many technological improvements.
B. have remained basically all the same since Roman times.
C. are less studied than other everyday products.
D. are one of the world’s most significant inventions.
【24】B. have remained basically all the same since Roman times. 解析： 該題為推理細節題，問從第五段能推測出釘子怎么了?文中Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they haven’t changed much. ……, but Roman nails are still clearly nails. 提到釘子沒有發生變化，所以答案為自羅馬時代以來基本保持不變。
25. Which of the following best summaries the last two paragraphs?
A. Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.
B. Technological innovation is integral to economic success.
C. Technology defines people’s understanding of the world.
D. Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.
【25】A. Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change. 解析： 該題為推理題，問從最后兩段中能推測出什么?此題需要找到概括出兩段的重點，根據重點句it’s the cheap technologies that change the world便宜的技術改變世界 以及最后一段重點句中都有提到價格降低導致發展的內容，所以答案為廉價的技術帶來革命性的變化。
Text 2
26. According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to the practice of
A. sharing childcare among community members.
B. assigning babies to specific adult caregivers.
C. teaching parenting skills to older children.
D. caring infants around by their parents.
【26】A. sharing childcare among community members.解析：該題為細節題，問根據前兩段，異親撫養指的是什么行為?此題定位文中內容顯示博茨瓦納的Kung，那里的每個孩子都由許多成年人照顧，以及四歲的Kung兒童會幫助照顧更小的孩子，所以異親撫養指的是在社區成員之間分擔托兒工作。
27. The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate
A. an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication.
B. an approach to intergrating alloparenting into western society.
C. the conventional parenting style in western culture.
D. the differences between western and African ways of living.
【27】B. an approach to intergrating alloparenting into western society. 解析：該題為例證題，答案定位于文中內容Dr Annie Swanepoel , a child psychiatrist , believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.有很多方法將其融于西方世界，所以答案是同義替換句B選項。
28. According to paragraph 4, the “intensive mothering narrative”
A. alleviates parenting pressure.
B. consolidates family relationships.
C. results in the child-centered family.
D. departs from the course of evolution.
【28】D. departs from the course of evolution. 解析：該題為細節題，定位句This abrupt shift to an "intensive mothering narrative "但是本句只寫了壞處，不能直接鎖定答案，而句中的this 這個指代詞可知，還需定位前一句，前一句的核心內容the western nuclear family was a recent invention which block with evolutionary history(西方的核心家庭是近代的發明中斷進化史)，與departs from the course of evolution(與偏離進化過程)為同義替換。
29. What can be inferred about the nurseries in the UK
A. they tend to fall short of official requirements.
B. they have difficulty finding enough caregivers.
C. they ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.
D. they should try to prevent parental depression.
【29】C. they ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio. 解析：該題為細節推理題，文中An infant born to a hunter- gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers -this contrasts starkly to nursery setting in the uk where regulation can for a ratio fone carer to four children aged two to three (一個出生在狩獵采集社會的嬰兒可能有10個以上的照顧者——這與英國的托兒所環境形成鮮明對比，在英國，監管可以規定一個照顧者對4個2到3歲的孩子的比例)以及Chaudhary said that Britain should emplore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents" might also enhance their own social development"(英國應該考慮這樣一種可能性，即哥哥姐姐幫助父母“也可能促進他們自己的社會發展”)，所以應該應該提升他們照顧孩子的人比率。
30. What is the best tittle for the text?
A. Instructive teaching: a dilemma for anxious parents
B. For a happier family: learn from the hunter gatherers
C. Mixed age play group: a better choice for lonely children
D. Tracing the history of parenting: from Africa to Europe
【30】B. For a happier family: learn from the hunter gatherers。解析：該題為主旨題，需要注意每段的核心信息，文中從最開始就體現了異親撫養的好處，中間加了一些例子佐證，而異親撫養來源于hunter gatherer狩獵者，所以答案為B。
Text 3
31. learned about Rutkowski form Paragraph 1-2
A. He is enthusiastic about using AI models.
B. He is popular with users of an AI art generator.
C. He atiracts admiration from other illustractors.
D. He specializes in classical painting digitalization.
【31】B. He is popular with users of an AI art generator. 解析：該題為細節題，根據Rutkowski，Paragraph 1-2定位到第一段和第二段，第二段講到Rutkowski創造了很多作品，最后一句講到：他在文本到圖像人工智能生成的新世界中突然走紅。(And he’s become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image AI generation.)，故此說明他很受AI藝術生成器用戶的歡迎。
32. The problem with open·source-AI art generators is that they
A. lock flexibility in responding to prompts.
B. produce artworks in unpredictable styles.
C. Make unauthorized use of online images.
D. Correct user information without consent.
【32】C. Make unauthorized use of online images. 解析：該題為細節題，根據open source-AI art generators定位到第三段，第三段沒有說明開源AI藝術生成器的問題，所以繼續往下定位到第五段，第一句提到：但這些開源程序是通過從互聯網上抓取圖像來構建的，通常沒有得到藝術家的許可和適當的歸屬。(But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the internet, often without permission and proper attribution to artists.)，即未經授權使用網上的圖片。
33. After searching online, Rutkowski found
A. a unique way to reach audiences.
B. a new method to identify AI images.
C. AI-generated work bearing his name.
D. heated disputes regarding his copyright.
【33】C. AI-generated work bearing his name. 解析：該題為細節題，根據題文同序的原則和searching定位到第七段，第二句提到：然后，他(Rutkowski)試著搜索自己的名字，看看自己創作的一篇文章是否已經發表。網上搜索找到了附有他的名字但不是他的作品。(Then he tried searching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published. The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn’t his. )，故此選擇C：以他的名字命名的人工智能作品。
34. According to Ortiz AI companies are advised to .
A. compaign for new policies or regulation.
B. offer their services to public institutions.
C. Strengthen their relationships with AI users.
D. Adopt a different strategy for AI model training.
【34】C. Strengthen their relationships with AI users. 解析：該題為細節題，根據Ortiz定位到Ortiz的觀點，他認為：“藝術家行業正在形成一個聯盟，尋找解決或緩解這一問題的方法。該組織正處于動員的初期，可能涉及推動新的政策或法規。(The group is in its early days of mobilization, which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation. )。其中還未提及對于公司的建議，所以繼續看下一段，下一段提到：Ortiz說，其中一個建議是，人工智能模型可以在公共領域的圖像上進行訓練，人工智能公司可以與博物館和藝術家建立合作關系。(One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain, and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists, Ortiz says. )。結合這兩段的內容我們發現：Ortiz想要推動新的政策或者法規，在對AI公司建議上的體現為與博物館和藝術家建立合作關系。博物館和藝術家都可以視作AI公司的用戶。因此建議AI公司加強與用戶的關系。
35. mainly about .
A. Artists responses to AI art generation.
B. AI’s expended role in artistic creation.
C. Privacy issues in the application of AI.
D. Opposing views on AI development
【35】A. Artists responses to AI art generation. 解析：該題為主旨題。文章開頭由Rutkowski引出話題藝術家已經人工智能藝術生成器。從第五段開始提及人工智能藝術生成器所存在的問題。最后一段中作者引用Ortiz的話進行了總結：“不僅僅是藝術家……攝影師、模特、男女演員、導演、攝影師都有。”“任何一種視覺專業人士現在都必須處理這個特殊的問題。”(“It’s not just artists … It’s photographers, models, actors and actresses, directors, cinematographers,” she says. “Any sort of visual professional is having to deal with this particular question right now.” )。雖然提到了不僅僅是藝術家，但是最后一段之前主要就藝術家和人工智能的關系進行探討，故此選A。
Text 4
36. The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph 1 as .
A. a valuable natural environment.
B. a controversial conservation area.
C. a place with commercial potential.
D. a headache for nearby communities.
【36】A. a valuable natural environment 解析： 該題為細節題，問，切薩皮克灣在第一段中被描述為什么，文中提到：淺灘為鳥類、魚類、哺乳動物和蠕蟲等數百種物種提供家園，同時儲存洪水，過濾水中污染物，保護附近社區免受潛在破壞性風暴潮的影響("protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.")所以切薩皮克灣是一個寶貴的自然環境。
37. The U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in the Idaho case .
A. reinforces water pollution control.
B. weakens the EPA’s regulatory power.
C. will end conflicts among local residents.
D. may face opposition from mining operators.
【37】B. weakens the EPA’s regulatory power 解析： 該題為細節題，問，美國最高法院對愛達荷州一案的裁決，文中提到：這個案件的判決使美國環境保護署監管濕地和水道的權力大大減(" a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways")所以這個案件的判決削弱了EPA的監管權。
38. How does the author feel about the future of the Chesapeake Bay?
A. Worried.
B. Puzzled.
C. Relieved.
D. Encouraged.
【38】A. Worried 解析： 該題為態度題，問，作者對切薩皮克灣的未來有何看法，文中提到：好消息是有許多州的法律提供濕地保護，但這是一種非常短視的觀點，特別是當涉及到切薩皮克灣時("the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections. But thats a very shortsighted view, particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay")所以作者對于切薩皮克灣的未來持有擔憂的態度。
39. What can be inferred about the EPA’s involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?
A. It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.
B. It has triggered a radial reform in commercial fishers.
C. It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.
D. It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.
【39】D. It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts 解析： 該題為細節題，問，關于環保署參與切薩皮克灣計劃，我們可以推斷出什么，文中提到：因此，我們呼吁喬·拜登總統和國會根據《清潔水法》恢復環境保護局急需的權力，保護國家的濕地——同時保護我們的供水、水生物種、娛樂場所和防洪設施的安全("And so we would call on President Joe Biden and Congress to restore this much-needed EPA authority under the Clean Water Act and protect the nations wetlands – and with them the safety of our water supply, aquatic species and recreational spaces as well as flood protections")所以確保了保護工作的協調。
40. The author holds that the state lawmakers should .
A. be cautious about the influence of land owners.
B. attach due importance to wetlands protections.
C. recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges.
D. improve the well-being of endangered species.
【40】B. attach due importance to wetlands protections 解析： 該題為細節題，問，作者認為，州立法者應該，文中提到：因此，因此，我們也呼吁從里士滿到奧爾巴尼的州議員考慮審查他們自己的濕地保護，并親眼看到其中涉及的巨大利益("so we would also call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved")所以要重視濕地的保護。
Part B
A.It is clear that the countries of origin have never been compensated for the stolen artifacts.
B.It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.
C.Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts’ copies after the originals are returned.
D.Reproductions, even if perfectly made, cannot take the place of the authentic objects.
E.The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else.
F.Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful.
G.Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin.
41.Hannah
Simply there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes. These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride. There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left. They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects. They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to place by purchase.
42.Buck
We know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced. Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities. The context of any exhibit is more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2,000 years old or 2 months old. In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery. Again, the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters. The monetary value of the objects on display is a distant second place in importance.
43.Sara
When visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art, I came across a magnificent 15th-century Chinese sculpture. It inspired me to learn more about the culture that it represented. Artifacts in museums have the power to inspire, and perhaps spark that need to learn and understand the nature of their creators. Having said that,I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should, in fact, be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan, legally purchased, or obtained by treaty. Stealing artifacts from other peoples cultures is obscene; it robs not only the physical objects, but the dignity and spirit of their creators.
44.Victor
Ancient art that is displayed in foreign countries should be returned...
45.Julia
To those of you in the comments section, by all means, who are having strong feeling about artifacts being removed from cities in the US and Britain, I would ask you to consider...
【41】E
段落中一開始就提到“尼日利亞有些人無法前往史密森尼學會(there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution)，去看看貝寧青銅器所代表的他們的一部分歷史和文化”。史密森尼學會位于美國，即尼日利亞的人們在本國無法看到這種屬于他們自己的文化，后面也提到“在美國或其他地方的博物館里，它們除了作為奇珍異寶之外，沒有任何用途(there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution)”。這與選項所說的“文物的真正價值只能在其來源國得到承認，而不是在其他任何地方”相符，故選E。
【42】D
段落中的reproductions為原詞復現，段中雖然開始一直在說復制品可以做到幾乎和真品一模一樣，但是結尾處總結到“展覽想要講述的故事才是最重要的。展品的貨幣價值在重要性上遠遠排在第二位。”(the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters. The monetary value of the objects on display is a distant second place in importance)，只有真品背后才有歷史悠久的故事，選項“復制品，即使制作得再完美，也不能取代真品”與段落意思匹配，故選D。
【43】F
段落中的having been obtained on loan, legally purchased, or obtained by treaty(通過租借、合法購買或通過條約獲得)與選項中的decent and lawful(體面且合法的)意思相近，都是在表達獲取文物應該通過合適的途徑，而不是通過搶奪，故選F。
【44】G Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin.
【45】B It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.
Part C
【46】They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water, and are very good at working out where other elephants are--even when they are out of sight.
考查知識點：固定短語;賓語從句;讓步狀語從句
它們有時要走 60多英里才能找到食物或水，而且非常善于找出其他大象的位置——即使它們在視線范圍外。
【47】The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need, and can therefore take shortcuts, as well as following familiar routes.
考查知識點：賓語從句;固定搭配;定語從句
研究人員深信，大象總是能準確地知道自己所處的位置與所需的所有資源的關系，因此可以走捷徑，并沿著熟悉的路線前進。
【48】One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found, but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.
考查知識點：表語從句;固定搭配;定語從句;并列句
一種可能是，他們只是用眼睛去觀察和嘗試他們發現的植物，但這樣做很可能會浪費很多時間和精力，不僅僅是因為它們的視力實際上并不是很好。
【49】The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way, and they are very characteristic: Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.
考查知識點：后置定語;并列句
植物產生的揮發性化學物質可以被帶到很遠的地方，而且它們都很有特點：每種植物或每棵樹都有自己獨特的氣味特征。
【50】The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat, and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch.
考查知識點：賓語從句;目的狀語;定語從句
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