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考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀真題Passage four解析
在日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中，我們最不陌生的就是試題了，試題是命題者根據(jù)測(cè)試目標(biāo)和測(cè)試事項(xiàng)編寫(xiě)出來(lái)的。那么你知道什么樣的試題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？下面是小編整理的考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀真題Passage four解析，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀真題Passage four解析
36.【C】was contemptuous of McDonell’s conduct
【解析】題干在問(wèn),第一段劃線部分“But it did so while holding its...”最可能表明什么?此題為句意題。前一句說(shuō),最高法院推翻了對(duì)前官員的腐敗方面的定罪,劃線部分后面說(shuō),該官員收受了各種賄賂,前后用But連接,是反義的關(guān)系,所以C答案正確。
37.【A】concrete returns for gift-givers
【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干在問(wèn),根據(jù)第四段,一個(gè)官員的行為只有在涉及到______時(shí),才被認(rèn)為是腐敗的?此題可以定位到第二句話But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. concrete benefits與選項(xiàng)concrete returns構(gòu)成同義替換。
38.【C】 justifying in addressing the needs of the constituents.
【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干在問(wèn),法庭的裁決是基于公共官員______的前提條件下的。本題定位在第五段But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government.因此選C.
39.【B】guarantee fair play in official access
【解析】 此題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干在問(wèn),在政府實(shí)施透明度高的法律是為了______? 本題定位在This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth. Integrity與B選項(xiàng)的fair同義替換。
40.【D】supportive
【解析】此題為態(tài)度題。題干在問(wèn),對(duì)于法庭的裁決,作者的態(tài)度是______?本題定位在文章最后一句,The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.所以答案選D.
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 4
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.
Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.
The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.
How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.
Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.
36. According to Paragraph l, the careers of scientists can be determined by ______.
[A] how many citations their works contain
[B] how many times their papers are cited
[C] the prestige of the people they work with
[D] the status they have in scientific circles
37. The support service consultancies tend to ______.
[A] recommend journals to their clients
[B] list citation patterns for their clients
[C] ask authors to include extra citations
[D] advise contributors to cite each other
38. The function of the “milk cow” journals is to ______.
[A] boost citation counts for certain authors
[B] help scholars publish articles at low cost
[C] instruct first-time contributors in citation
[D] increase the readership of new journals
39. What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?
[A] It fosters competition among citation providers.
[B] It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.
[C] It hinders the growth of “international” journals.
[D]It is established to prevent citation manipulation.
40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?
[A] Take legal action
[B] Demand an apology
[C] Seek professional advice
[D] Reveal their misconduct
【答案】
36. [B] how many times their papers are cited
37. [C] ask authors to include extra citations
38. [A] boost citation counts for certain authors
39. [B] It has the capability to identify suspicious citations
40. [D] Reveal their misconduct
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