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高考英語動詞詞性分類及用法參考
一、系動詞(link-v)。 句子結構:①主語+系動詞+表語(S+V.+P)
連系動詞不能獨立做謂語,必須跟表語一起構成謂語。系動詞后的表語可以是名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、分詞、動名詞、不定式、副詞、介詞短語、詞組、從句等。系動詞無被動形式。
(1) 表示特征或狀態: be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, feel, turn out, prove等。
1) It sounds a good idea.
2) This food tastes good.
3) The door remained closed.
(2) 表示持續: keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等。
1) I hope you will keep fit.
2) We can remain friends.
3) Please stay seated.
(3) 表示變化: become, go, get, grow, turn, fall, come, run等。
1) He went mad.
2) His hair turned grey.
3) I fell ill.
二、不及物動詞。不及物動詞后面通常不跟賓語,且無被動形式。句子結構:②主語+不及物動詞(S+Vi)。
1) Birds can fly.
2) I can jump high.
其他不及物動詞:agree, arrive, arise, belong, come, die, dive, exist, fall, flow, go, happen, hurry, rise, listen, look, rise, run, sit, sail, succeed walk, work, stay等。
不及物動詞若要跟賓語,必須在其后加介詞方可再接賓語(Vi+prep.+O)。
1) Look at me !
2) Sit on the stool!
三、及物動詞。及物動詞后面必須跟賓語,且可以用于被動語態。句子結構如下:
1. ③主語+及物動詞+賓語(S+Vt+O)
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
還有forget, receive, see, say, supply, select, show, take, raise, visit, spend等
2. ④主語+及物動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)(S+Vt+sb+sth)
1) Please show me the letter.
2) Please hand me the book over there.
3) Can you buy me a meal?
4) John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.
5) I will give you the latest newsletter.
6) She made me a beautiful dress.
若要先說出直接賓語(事物),后說間接賓語(人),則要借助于介詞to或for, 如:
1) He brings cookies to me every day.
2) She made a beautiful dress for me.
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