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如果外星人真的存在應該長這樣英語美文
Movies, TV shows, and video games have helped humanity paint a mental picture of what aliens might look like if we ever run into them, but most of the time those fictional depictions have little or no scientific backing whatsoever. Researchers searching for extraterrestrial life don’t necessarily know exactly what they’re looking for, but based on what we’ve learned about humanity’s rise there’s a handful of things nature tells us are required for advancement of a civilization. In the book “The Future of Humanity,” author Michio Kaku attempts to answer the incredibly difficult question of what aliens might look like, and this time it’s not just a guess.
電影，電視節(jié)目和電子游戲幫助人類勾勒了外星人的樣子，但大多數(shù)這些虛構的描繪幾乎沒有任何科學依據(jù)。尋找外星人的研究人員不需要準確了解他們尋找的事物，但根據(jù)我們對人類崛起的了解，大自然告訴我們的一些東西是推動文明發(fā)展所需要的。在《人類的未來》一書中，作者卡庫試圖回答關于外星人可能是什么樣子的難題，這次不僅僅是猜測。
Kaku consulted with exobiology experts and theorists who specialize in hypothetical alien life forms which have developed on far-off worlds much different from Earth. Using that accumulated knowledge, Kaku came up with a very basic list of criteria that any intelligence alien race would need to have in order to reach a level similar to humanity.
卡庫咨詢了外來生物學專家和理論家，他們專門研究了在與地球有很大差異的世界里所形成的假設的外星人生命形式。卡庫通過這種方式，收集了大量的關于這方面知識，提出了一個基本的標準列表，任何外星人種族都需要具備這些標準才能達到與人類相似的水平。
As the New York Post reports, the requirements that Kaku has dreamt up are essentially the same capabilities that scientists believe have allowed humans to progress in the way that we have:
正如《紐約郵報》報道的那樣，卡庫想象的外星人在某些行為習慣及需求上，和人類賴以推動進步的能力有些相似之處。具體表現(xiàn)如下：
Stereo vision – Two eyes capable of focusing on a single object are something we typically associate with predators here on Earth. Prey animals often have one eye on either side of their head which allows them to spot threats and escape quickly, but that type of ocular setup is poor when it comes to hunting. Kaku suggests that most if not all “intelligent” alien races would have originated as hunters, rather than the hunted.
立體視覺-指能夠專注于單個物體的兩只眼睛，也是與地球上的獵食者離不開的工具。一般來說，獵食動物的頭部兩側各有一只眼睛，這使得它們能夠迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)威脅并逃脫危險，但是在狩獵時擁有這種眼睛的獵食者往往達不到預期的收獲。卡庫由此認為，這些外星人種族，大多數(shù)都會起源于獵人，而不是被獵殺者。
Thumbs – Scientists have long believed that evolution which led to opposable thumbs was a huge factor in the rise of primates. A method of grasping objects allows for the making of tools which, it is thought, is one of the very earliest signs of intelligence as we know it. It makes sense that aliens would have followed a similar path.
大拇指：長期以來，大拇指的進化是靈長類動物興起的一個重要因素。擁有大拇指的手可以允許我們抓取物體允許制造工具，據(jù)我們所知，它是最早的智能標志之一。外星人會遵循類似的道路是有道理的。
Language – This one is a bit tricky because it’s incredibly non-specific. The key here isn’t just the ability to communicate with each other in the moment — many animals have species-wide methods of vocal communication that could be considered language — but also to relay information and pass it down between generations. This allows the accumulation of knowledge over long periods of time and gives new members of a species the chance to expand and “stand on the shoulders” of those who came before them.
語言-這是一個讓人難以言表的問題，因為它是抽象的，不具體的。語言的重點不僅說的是彼此間的溝通能力 - 許多動物被視為語言性物種，他們不僅能夠辨別語言傳達的意思，而且還可以用語言在各代之間傳遞信息。由于長時間這種交流信息的積累，使得該物種的新成員能夠有一個成熟的學習環(huán)境，在前人積累的經(jīng)驗中，快速成長起來。
These features obviously sound a lot like what we’re all born with, which makes perfect sense. However, within this very basic outline there’s plenty of room for variation. If aliens only need two eyes, a gripping appendage, and some kind of language in order to have caught up with humans, there’s really no telling what form their bodies have actually taken, especially on planets with chemical makeup far different from Earth.
很明顯，上述這些功能聽起來很像在說我們人類的生活習性和日常行為，這當然是無可厚非的。但是，在這個看似乎普通的表述中，卻在客觀上存在著千變萬化的空間形態(tài)。如果外星人只需要兩只眼睛，一個附著物和某種語言就能夠和人類相提并論，那么真的無法想象他們實際是以什么樣的狀態(tài)存在的。特別是那些在化學結構上與地球差別比較大的行星，這些有著天壤之別的行星上的外星人和我們是不是也會有相似之處呢?我們不得而知!
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