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高考英語書面表達(dá)開頭與結(jié)尾常見形式
英語書面表達(dá)常見的開頭形式大致有以下幾種：
1.開門見山，揭示主題
文章一開頭，就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如"How I Spent My Vacation”《我怎樣度假》的開頭是：
I Spent my last vacation happily.
下面是題為"Honesty"《談?wù)\實(shí)》一文中的開頭：
Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respected.On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar"，and is looked upon by honest people.
2.交代人物、事情、時間或環(huán)境開頭
在文章的開頭，先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。例如"A Trip to Jinshan" 《去金山旅游》的開頭：
The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.
3. 回憶性的開頭
用回憶的方法來開頭。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"《泰山游》的開頭是：
I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.
4.概括性的開頭
即對要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個概括性的介紹。如"he Happiness ofReading Books”《讀書的快樂》的開頭：
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
5.介紹環(huán)境式的開頭
即開頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。如"an acident”《一場事故》的開頭是：
It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.
6.交待寫作目的的開頭。
在文章的一開頭就交待寫作目的，如通過文章要表揚(yáng)誰，批評誰，或說明一個什么問題等。如 "Pollution Control" 《控制污染》的開頭：
In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.
文章結(jié)尾的作用是概括全文內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意義表達(dá)得更加深刻。
文章結(jié)尾的形式也是多種多樣的，常見的有以下幾種：
1. 首尾呼應(yīng)，畫龍點(diǎn)睛
在文章的結(jié)尾，把含義較深的話放在末尾，以點(diǎn)明主題，深化主題，起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。如"I Cannot Forget Her" 《我忘不了她》的結(jié)尾：
After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
2. 重復(fù)主題句
結(jié)尾回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。如" Love MyHome Town”《我愛家鄉(xiāng)》的結(jié)尾：
I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.
3. 自然結(jié)尾
隨著文章的結(jié)束，文章自然而然地結(jié)尾。
I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.
4.含蓄性的結(jié)尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明作者的看法，而是讓讀者自己去領(lǐng)會和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的結(jié)尾：
Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.
5.用反問結(jié)尾
雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，并具有特別的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，引起讀者深思。如 "Should We Learn to Do Housework?" (我們要不要學(xué)做家務(wù)?) 的結(jié)尾。
Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls?
6.指明方向，激勵讀者
結(jié)尾表示對將來的展望，或期待讀者投入行動。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(讓我們參加體育運(yùn)動)的結(jié)尾：
As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work better. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports.
文章的結(jié)尾沒有一定的模式，可以根據(jù)表達(dá)主題的需要靈活創(chuàng)造。一般的習(xí)慣是，一些記敘文和描寫文經(jīng)常采用自然結(jié)尾的方法;但說理性和邏輯性較強(qiáng)的說明文和議論文則往往都有結(jié)束語，以便使文章首尾呼應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
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