高考英語指導：弄清定狀語

時間：2022-12-09 17:14:48 高考英語我要投稿

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高考英語指導：弄清定狀語

　　句子是構成篇章的基本單位。要讀懂一篇文章，首先要理解每個句子。同樣，要寫出一篇文章，首先要寫好每個句子。一個句子最短的基本成分是“主+謂”，最長的基本成分是“主+謂+賓+補”。基本成分的修飾語為附屬成分：定語―修飾限制名詞或代詞的單詞?短語或從句;狀語―修飾限制謂語?句子或句子里一部分的單詞?短語或從句。

高考英語指導：弄清定狀語

　　英語中的定語可分為限制性定語和非限制性定語。用來作定語的有：名詞?數詞?形容詞?代詞?副詞?介詞短語?非謂語動詞和定語從句等等。

　　1. 限制性定語：單個詞放在被修飾的詞前面，短語和從句放在被修飾的詞后面。

　　(1)名詞?形容詞?副詞?數詞?代詞或介詞短語等;

　　①She worked in a shoe factory.

　　②Please don’t be so cruel to a ten-year-old child like that.

　　副詞作定語一般放在被修飾的詞后面, 以表示位置的居多。如：

　　③Do you know the man over there?

　　④Poor Jack tottered toward a hospital nearby.

　　present, absent, a-開頭的形容詞和形容詞短語作定語放在被修飾的詞之后。可以理解成which /that / who +is(was) / are(were)引導的定語從句的省略。如：

　　⑤All the people present at the party were his supporters.

　　⑥I think he is the oldest man alive in the small town.

　　(1)非謂語動詞(短語),一般可轉換成限制性定語從句。

　　①Let’s find a restaurant to have lunch in.

　　句中黑體部分可改為：where/in which we can have lunch

　　②The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well spent.

　　句中黑體部分可改為：that/which was well spent

　　③He came in, full of fear. (表伴隨，相當于When he came in, he was full of fear.)

　　④Ripe, the fruit tastes better. (表時間，相當于When the fruit is ripe.)

　　⑤Right or wrong, I will stand on your side. (表讓步，相當于Whether you are right or wrong.)

　　(2)非謂語動詞(短語)，可轉換成狀語從句。如：

　　①Lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. =句中黑體部分可補充為：After they were lost in the mountains for a week.

　　②It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.

　　句中黑體部分可改為：in order that they could have a look at the sports stars

　　(3)狀語從句。

　　①The house could fall down soon if no one does some quick repair work. (表條件)

　　②Roses need special care so that they can live through winter. (表目的)

　　③Since /as the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.(表原因)

　　④He speaks English as though he were an Englishman. (表方式)

　　熟練掌握句子的附屬成分，對準確理解句子意思大有裨益，對長句的理解很有好處。在閱讀中，有利于將長句讀短，去掉枝蔓，抓住核心，提高篇章的理解能力。了解句子的附屬成分也有助于寫作。正確使用好句子附屬成分能將意思表達更加準確，敘述更加生動，豐富表達方式，增強文章感染力。

　　真題精練

　　1. (2006年上海)I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _____ else, it was hard to make out.

　　A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone

　　2. (2006年北京)There have been several new events _____ to the program for the 2008 Olympic Games.