scientists develop ways of detecting heart attack

German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection1___2____ sudden death from cardiac arrest in germany alone around 100.000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3____ by disruption to the heart's rhythm. those most at risk are patients who have___4___ suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___5____disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. these devices___6____a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker

heart specialists at freiburg's university clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator___7_____of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ecg) within the body. this integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8____blood-tlow problems and a pending heart attack. it will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. meanwhile, researchers at the fraunhofer institute for applied mathematics in kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ecg data___9___.

the overwhelming___10 ____of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ecgs.“many of the current programs only____11___into account a linear correlation of the data. we are, however, making use____12__ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system2." hagen knaf says,“____13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account3.”an old study of ecg data, based____14__600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show____15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.

詞匯：

defibrillator n去纖顫器

overwhelming adj.壓倒的

pending adj.追近的，即將發(fā)生的' pacemaker n起搏器

cardiac adj.心臟的 linear adj.線(性)的

implant vt植入 arrest n停止

electrocardiogram心電圖

render 提出…… correlation n相互關(guān)系

disruption n.中斷 chaotic adj. 混亂的

注釋：

1…and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection. ：本句中aimed at是過去分詞短語，作前面兩個(gè)名詞的定語，原意是“把目標(biāo)瞄準(zhǔn)……”，此處可譯為 “旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護(hù)的早期預(yù)報(bào)軟件”。

2 anon-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system:這里that引導(dǎo)的是process的定語從句。as是介詞，open在此可譯為“直觀的”。本句的意思是：……能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動(dòng)的混亂模式作為一個(gè)直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)揭示出來的非線性處理方法。

3 and individual variations in patients taken into account:這里在taken之前省略了與上句相同的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)河can be。

練習(xí)：

1 a come up b come up with c come up to d come up against

2 a to b for c with d from

3 a are caused b caused c are to cause d have been causing

4 a easily b readily c frequently d already

5 a disease-producing b health-improving

c life-threatening d error-correcting

6 a take in b take after c take on d take from

7 a capable b able c skillful d skilled

8 a chronic b acute c recurrent d persistent

9 a precisely b more precisely c precision d more precise

10 a maximum b minimum c majority d minority

11 a get b take c bring d fetch

12 a of b with c for d in

13 a similarly b in this manner c otherwise d in this way

14 a in b for c upon d with

15 a what b where c that d when