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考研英譯漢�？嫉亩陶Z(yǔ)及句型
1.as 引導(dǎo)的特殊狀語(yǔ)叢句，翻譯時(shí)作定語(yǔ)叢句處理
例："In short", a leader of the new school contends , "the scientific revolution ,as we all it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directinons."(1994年考研試題)
[譯文] 新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說(shuō)：“簡(jiǎn)言之，我們所稱(chēng)之為的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用。這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無(wú)所不及。”
2.anyting but 根本不；nothing but 只不過(guò)是；all but 幾乎，差一點(diǎn)；除……以外其余都是；but for 要不是；but ＋叢句，若不是……
例1.：Alone in a deserted house , he was so busy with his rescarch work that he felt anything but lonely.(1990年考研試題)
[譯文]：雖然他孤獨(dú)一人住在這幢房子里，但他埋頭于研究工作，一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有感到孤獨(dú)。
[注釋]：句中 anything but 意為 except。試對(duì)比：He seldom talked of anyting butthe experssion of the necessary mode of working of the human mind ; it is simply the mode by all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.(1993年考研試題)
[譯文]：科學(xué)研究的方法不過(guò)是人類(lèi)思維活的的必要表達(dá)方式，也就是對(duì)一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)谋磉_(dá)方式。
例3.The party was all but over when we arrived.
[譯文]：我們到達(dá)時(shí)，聚會(huì)已近尾聲。
[注釋]：此句中 all but 意為 nearly , almost。
例4.But for the rain, we would have had a nice holiday .
[譯文]：要不是因?yàn)橄掠�，我們的假日一定過(guò)得很愜意。
3.“名詞，＋or ＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中 or 后的名詞是同位語(yǔ)，應(yīng)譯為“即……；或者稱(chēng)……”
例：Moreover , technology includes techniques, or ways to do things ,as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.
[譯文]：再者，除機(jī)器外技術(shù)還包括技藝，即制作方法，而運(yùn)用這些技藝并不一定都需要機(jī)器。
4.“...，only to ＋動(dòng)詞”意為“……，結(jié)果卻……”
例:They don't have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre , the cinema or the opera ,only to discover,perhaps, that the show is disappionting .(1995年考研試題)
[譯文]：他們不必花錢(qián)去戲院、電影院或歌劇院買(mǎi)價(jià)格很貴的戲票，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，所演的節(jié)目令人失望。
[注釋]：“..., only to ＋v.”表示句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的目的相反結(jié)果。
5. not nearly 永遠(yuǎn)不
例：Food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this , which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.(1991年考研試題)
[譯文]：食品供應(yīng)將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)趕不上人口的增長(zhǎng)，這就意味著我們?cè)诩Z食的生產(chǎn)和購(gòu)銷(xiāo)方面正面臨危機(jī)。
6. not so much ... as ... 與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……
例1.Science moves forward , they say , not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like imporoved techniques and tools.(1994年考研試題)
[譯文]：他們說(shuō)，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說(shuō)源于天才偉人的真知灼見(jiàn)，不如說(shuō)源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。
例2.The conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.(1995年考研試題)
[譯文]：美國(guó)人所需要的各種便利條件與其說(shuō)是反映一種從容不迫的生活方式，還不如說(shuō)反映一種忙碌的生活方式。在這種忙碌的生活方式中甚至幾分鐘時(shí)間都得珍惜。
[注釋]：
1) not so much as 連在一起寫(xiě)，則意為“連……都不(肯)”
如：He didn't so much as thank me for returning his money that I find .
我把找到的錢(qián)還給他，他卻連謝都不肯謝。
2)該句型有時(shí)也用 not so much ... but ...
如：The important thing is not so much the actual population of the world , but its rate of increase.重要的與其說(shuō)是世界的實(shí)際人口量，還不如說(shuō)是人口的增長(zhǎng)率。
3).要注意“not so much ... but ... ”與“not so ＋形容詞＋but＋叢句”之意的區(qū)別，后者意為“雖然……但是……”
例如：The bridge was not so crowded but the bicycles could go through .
這橋上雖然很擁擠，但是自行車(chē)還能穿過(guò)去。
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